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USS Holland (SS-1)
USS ''Holland'' (SS-1) was the United States Navy's first modern commissioned submarine, although not the first military submarine of the United States, which was the 1775 submersible ''Turtle''. The boat was originally laid down as ''Holland VI'', and launched on 17 May 1897.
==Design and construction==
The work was done at (Ret.) Navy Lieutenant Lewis Nixon's Crescent Shipyard of Elizabeth, New Jersey for John Holland's Holland Torpedo Boat Company, which became the Electric Boat company in 1899.〔
(【引用サイトリンク】title=Crescent Shipyard )〕 The craft was built under the supervision of John Philip Holland, who designed the vessel and her details. The keel to this craft was laid at Nixon's Crescent Shipyard with both men present. The two men worked together using many of John Holland's proven concepts and patents to make the submarine a reality, each man complementing the other's contributions to the development of the modern submarine.
''Holland VI'' included many features that submarines of the early 20th century would exhibit, albeit in later, more advanced forms. She had both an internal combustion engine (specifically, a 4-stroke Otto gasoline engine) for running on the surface and an electric motor for submerged operation. She had a reloadable 18 inch (457 mm) torpedo tube and an 8.4 inch (210 mm) pneumatic dynamite gun in the bow (the dynamite gun's projectiles were called "aerial torpedoes"). A second dynamite gun in the stern was removed in 1900, prior to delivery to the Navy.〔Friedman, p. 25〕 There was a conning tower from which the boat and her weapons could be directed. Finally, she had all the necessary ballast and trim tanks to make precise changes in depth and attitude underwater.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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